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GMAT语法三、主语与谓语(主谓一致)

核心提示: 三、主语与谓语(主谓一致)每一个句子都必须有一个主语和谓语(动词),且主语和谓语要一致。 (一)连词开头的句子一定要有主句,否则是错误的。EG: Be

三、主语与谓语(主谓一致)
每一个句子都必须有一个主语和谓语(动词),且主语和谓语要一致。
(一)连词开头的句子一定要有主句,否则是错误的。
EG: Because the dog was never mine.
错误,缺乏一个主句
(二)主语和谓语从逻辑上一定要合理
,比如抽象名词不能行走和说话,且主语和谓语在单复数上要一致。当不清楚主语是否应该是单数/复数的时候,看宾语,想造成这个宾语的主语是什么样的
EG:
× The development of a hydrogencar based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds ofmiles without refueling. (development能够不加油就跑几百miles)
e.g.
The discovery of new medicines (was/were) vitalto the company's growth.
若不知道主语是否单复,就想是什么造成公司的上涨。肯定是一件事。所以是单数
(三)主语谓语中间[插入语]可以忽略的2种情况。
插入语:在主语和谓语之间插入一些说明的成分
1. 介宾短语中的名词不是主语可以忽略:(of,/for by,/in,/with/,at,/to,/on,/from +名词为介宾短语。)但若介宾短语前有“量”de修饰就另当别论,详见下面(七)
e.g. Near Galway, the houseson the road to Spiddle is/are gorgeous.
NEAR Galway, the HOUSES ONthe road TO Spiddle ARE gorgeous.
2.前置短语可以忽略:在主语之前放一些修饰成分
EG: (when the auditors left), the executive (who hadbeen interviewed) was glad.
说明:从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分,类似大形容词,大名词或大副词
注意A:某些用动词-ing/动词-ed形势做形容词(有的用逗号来隔开)来修饰主语的,并不是真正谓语,可以忽略,
e.g. Limping, the horse onceconsidered one of the favorites was/were taken away.
注意B.一个句子中有多个动词和主语的,要找好对应关系,再判断单复数。
(四)
and 和表示“加”的词
1
and 连接几个不同的名词的时候构成复数结构,谓语动词要用复数。
2
其他连接性的词(along with, in addition to, as well as, togetherwith, including)虽然也表达“and”的意思,但是连接不同的名词,只是起着修饰的作用,不会改变主语的单复数,不影响谓语动词。
e.g.
Joe,as well as his friends, IS going to the beach.
Mathematics, in addition tohistory and science, IS a required subject.
注:有且只有
“and”可以将单数主语改编成复数主语。其他添加伴随连接词(如2所示)的单数主语,依然是单数主语。
(五)
either or, neither nor
1.
either..or…/neither…nor..同时出现的时候——就近原则:谓语动词得单复数取决于离它最近的名词的单复数
EG: Neither the coach nor the players aregoing to the beach.
Neitherthe players nor the coach IS going to the beach.
2.
若仅仅只有either or neither, 没有or nor,则谓语动词一定要用单数
(六)
1,主语是集合性名词用单数:在GMAT中“集合性名词”一般被认为是单数名词,看做一个整体,跟单数谓语(不过这些词中除了citrus大家比较混淆,其他应该都没问题不用重点背它)
People: agency, army, audience, class,committee, crowd (群众)orchestra(乐队), team
Items: baggage, citrus(橙类),equipment(设备), fleet(舰队/小河), fruit, furniture(家具)
2
一些表示学科的词(physics, mathematics)、一些活动-有氧运动(aerobics)和一些疾病-糖尿病(diabetes)水果柑橘(crtius
虽然以
S结尾,仍属于单数名词,谓语动词用单数。
e.g. The CROWD inthe stands IS cheering loudly as the home TEAM TAKESthe field.
OurARMY of a hundred thousand soldiers IS attackingthe enemy.
2,
主语是非限制性的代词,用单数.(你不用琢磨啥是非限定性,就记着下面这些次都是单数就好了)
Anyone,anybody, anything,
noone, nobody, nothing,
each,every,
someone,somebody,something,
everyone,everybody,everything,
whatever,whoever
,either…or..;neither…nor..
(同时出现单复与它最近的名词一致;单独出现用单数)
(七)介宾短语前面有“量”的修饰的
2种情况。
1
,大于1个的用复数。Eg. Three birds of the zoo were dead.
2
.特殊情况,SANAMsome,any,none,all,more/most,(part,half)
1)
Some of, all of, more/most of, part of ,half of ,
谓语单复数。需要看介宾短语中的名词
EG: Some of
the money was stolen from mywallet.
Some of the documents were stolenfrom the bank.
2)
Any of , none of , not one of 谓语一定是单数
e.g.
Not one of my friends IS here this weekend.
(八)
each & every 两个词如果放在复数主语之前用单数,复数主语之后用复数
EG: every dog and cat has paws. Theyeach are great tennis players.
(九)量词
A number of +
复数主语+复数谓语(a number of 可以看成是some/many
The number of +
复数/单数主语+单数谓语
Majority
(多数), minority(少数民族/少数), and plurality(多数)这3个词后面“+of”就是复数,单独做主语就是单数。
(上面这个原则,从语义角度讲,当表示一个大群体的一部分时候,用复数;如果表达一个数量本身如何,用复数)
The majority of the students in this class ARE hard workers.
Inthe Senate, the majority HAS coalesced into a unified voting block.
(十)短语或者从句作主语:谓语用单数
1
-ing的短语做主语,谓语用单数
Havinggood friends ]S a wonderful thing.
2
.从句做主语,谓语用单数
Whateverthey want to do ISfine with me.
OG 68
sth that be…,当前面的sth做主语的时候, that be一般要省略,否则不符合英文表达习惯;另外,诸如evidence之类的词,后面要跟that从句。
(十一)倒装:主语的单复数向后看
1
,什么是倒装?
1)常用的副词主要有:here , there, now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等,表示强调。
Outrushed the boy
2) There be + 主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词
There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table
3)在结果状语从句句型so …that …中,如果强调so…放在句首,主句需要部分倒装。
So excited was she at the news that she couldn”t say aword .
2.
当判断倒装句的单复数,要看谓语动词后名词(主语)的单复数
1.
Wrong:Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.
Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonelyhouse, inhabited by squatters.
2. )后面是and的复合主语,用复数。
Wrong: There IS a young man and an olderwoman at the bus stop.
Flip it! A young man and an older woman AREthere at the bus stop.
Right: There ARE a young man and an olderwoman at the bus stop.
3. 当判断which后面的单复数时,取决于which指代的词的单复数
Uncertain:
Pong is a classic gamefrom which have/has descended many current computer
pastimes.
Flip it!
Pong is a classic gamefrom which many current computer pastimes HAVE descended.
Right:
Pong is a classic gamefrom which HAVE descended many current computer pastimes.
12th Edition: 2, 5, 13, 27, 45, 60, 66, 68, 78, 84, D41
Verbal Review: 8, 16,24,34,35,59,77 OR 2nd Edition: 10, 11,14,20,34,35,65
(十二)当不能确定是否是单复数时候,大多是单数。(当GMAT迷惑我们的时候,大都是单数)
[img=457,283]file:///C:/Users/steven/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif[/img]
资讯标签: 主谓 一致 谓语 语法 主语 GMAT
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